Nigeria's central bank governor Lamido Sanusi has been suspended by the president for "financial recklessness and misconduct".
Mr Sanusi caused shockwaves in Nigeria when he alleged that $20bn (£12bn) in oil revenue had gone missing.
Nigeria's state oil firm has denied failing to account for the money, saying the claim was "unsubstantiated".
Mr Sanusi is widely respected after undertaking reforms to the banking sector since his appointment in 2009.
He was named central bank governor of the year for 2010 by Banker magazine.
He told the BBC he would challenge his suspension in order to preserve the central bank's independence.
"I'm proud of my own record," he said.
Foreign exchange, bond and money markets have stopped trading
because of uncertainty caused by the move, Reuters news agency reports.
The controversy also comes ahead of next year's elections,
with the governing party split over whether President Goodluck Jonathan
should contest.
Anti-corruption credibility
Earlier this month, Mr Sanusi told a senate committee that out
of $67bn of oil sold between January 2012 and July 2013, $20bn had not
been accounted for.
The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation said the
allegations showed "little understanding of the technicalities of the
oil industry".
Mr Sanusi is currently in Niger attending a meeting of top officials, which he has now left.
His deputy, Sarah Alade, who is travelling with him, will fill in until a new governor is appointed.
President Jonathan asked him to resign in December but Mr Sanusi refused, sources told the BBC Hausa service.
The president does not have the power to sack the central bank governor - only the National Assembly can do this.
His term in office was due to end in June but correspondents say the decision to suspend him now is still highly significant.
The presidential statement announcing his suspension said he
had been removed pending "investigations into breaches of enabling laws,
due process and mandate" of the Central Bank of Nigeria.
It said his "tenure has been characterised by various acts of
financial recklessness and misconduct... [and] far-reaching
irregularities".
While Mr Sanusi's critics question whether he is using his
job to harm President Jonathan's chances of re-election, many Nigerians
will think the president has chosen to suspend the whistleblower rather
than focus on stopping fraud, our correspondent says.
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